HAVANA — Cuba on Monday began a
five-month political transition expected to end with Raul Castro's
departure from the presidency, capping his family's near-total dominance
of the political system for nearly 60 years.
Over the rest of September, Cubans
will meet in small groups to nominate municipal representatives, the
first in a series of votes for local, provincial and, finally, national
officials.
In the second electoral stage, a commission dominated
by government-linked organizations will pick all the candidates for
elections to provincial assemblies and Cuba's national assembly.
The national assembly is expected to pick the
president and members of the powerful Council of State by February.
Castro has said he will leave the presidency by that date but he is
expected to remain head of the Communist Party, giving him power that
may be equal to or greater than the new president's.
Cuban officials say 12,515 block-level districts will nominate candidates for city council elections to be held Oct. 22.
An opposition coalition says it expects 170
dissidents to seek nomination in the block-level meetings that began
Monday. A few opposition candidates made it to that stage previously but
were defeated.
The government does not allow the participation of
parties other than the ruling Communist Party and has worked to quash
the election of individual opposition candidates, leading critics to
call the votes an empty exercise meant to create the appearance of
democratic participation.
Cuban officials say dissidents are paid by foreign
governments and exile groups as part of a plan to overthrow the island's
socialist system and reinstall the capitalism and U.S. dominance ended
by the country's 1959 revolution.
At one session Monday evening, about 400 people
gathered to choose their neighborhood's candidate, meeting in front of a
house adorned with photos of the late Fidel Castro and Cuban flags.
Choosing between their current delegate and a young challenger, they
re-nominated physician Orlando Gutierrez. Both men were praised as
"revolutionary" and "honest."
"We have to be here to defend our revolution and the
social gains we have won," said one voter, Ivis Garcia, who works for a
state-owned real estate enterprise.
Raul Castro, 86, became president in 2008 and
launched a series of slow-moving and limited socio-economic reforms
after his brother Fidel stepped down due to illness. Fidel Castro died
last year at age 90.
Cuba's new president has long been expected to be
First Vice President Miguel Diaz-Canel, a 57-year-old career party
official who has maintained a low public profile in recent years.
Many Cubans' greatest exposure to Diaz-Canel this
year has been through an unusual video of the vice president speaking at
a private Communist Party event, footage that was leaked to the public
by an unknown culprit and widely distributed on thumb drives and online.
In the video, Diaz-Canel discusses plans for
crackdowns on independent media, entrepreneurs and opposition groups
trying to win municipal positions.
"We're taking all possible steps to discredit that," he says in the footage. "We're involved in this whole process."
The workings of the Cuban government are highly
opaque and the public only rarely hears from high-ranking officials,
with the exception of a few annual speeches and edited selections of
talks at twice-a-year sessions of congress and similarly infrequent
party meetings. In addition, the government maintains tight control of
the media and internet use in the country and leaks of high-level
meetings and speeches are highly unusual.
The Diaz-Canel video may have been leaked by the
government itself to telegraph that Diaz-Canel will not accelerate the
reform process started by Raul Castro, said Armando Chaguaceda, a
Mexico-based Cuban political scientists.
"It could serve to send a signal of official
intentions not to create any political opening, without being an
official government statement," Chaguaceda said.