NEW YORK – In a break with
decadeslong diplomatic tradition, President-elect Donald Trump spoke
directly with the president of Taiwan, a move that drew an irritated
response from China and looked set to cast uncertainty over U.S. policy
toward Asia.
It is perhaps unprecedented for a U.S. president or
president-elect to speak directly with a leader of Taiwan, a
self-governing island the U.S. broke diplomatic ties with in 1979.
In first comments apparently meant to downplay the
significance of the call, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said Saturday
that the contact between Taiwan's president and Trump was "just a small
trick by Taiwan" that he believed would not change U.S. policy toward
China, according to Hong Kong's Phoenix TV.
"The one-China policy is the cornerstone of the
healthy development of China-U.S. relations and we hope this political
foundation will not be interfered with or damaged," Wang was quoted as
saying.
Washington has pursued a so-called "one China" policy
since 1979, when it shifted diplomatic recognition of China from the
government in Taiwan to the communist government on the mainland. Under
that policy, the U.S. recognizes Beijing as representing China but
retains unofficial ties with Taiwan.
A statement from Trump's transition team said he
spoke Friday with Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, who offered her
congratulations on his election win.
Trump tweeted later that Tsai "CALLED ME." He also
groused about the reaction to the call: "Interesting how the U.S. sells
Taiwan billions of dollars of military equipment but I should not accept
a congratulatory call."
The Taiwanese presidential office said Trump and Tsai
discussed issues affecting Asia and the future of U.S. relations with
Taiwan.
"The (Taiwanese) president is looking forward to
strengthening bilateral interactions and contacts as well as setting up
closer cooperative relations," the statement said.
Tsai also told Trump that she hoped the U.S. would
support Taiwan in its participation in international affairs, the office
said, in an apparent reference to China's efforts to isolate Taiwan
from global institutions such as the United Nations.
It said the two also discussed "promoting domestic
economic development and strengthening national defense" to improve the
lives of ordinary people.
Taiwan's presidential office spokesman Alex Huang
said separately that Taiwan's relations with China and "healthy"
Taiwan-U.S. relations can proceed in parallel. "There is no conflict (in
that)," he told reporters in Taipei.
The White House learned of the conversation after it
had taken place, said a senior Obama administration official, who
requested anonymity because of the sensitive diplomatic relations
involved.
China's embassy in Washington and its foreign
ministry and Taiwan Affairs Office in Beijing did not respond to
requests for comment.
Friday's call is the starkest example yet of how
Trump has flouted diplomatic conventions since he won the Nov. 8
election. He has apparently undertaken calls with foreign leaders
without guidance customarily lent by the State Department, which
oversees U.S. diplomacy.
"President-elect Trump is just shooting from the hip,
trying to take phone calls of congratulatory messages from leaders
around the world without consideration for the implications," said
Bonnie Glaser, senior adviser for Asia at the Center for Strategic and
International Studies in Washington.
Glaser said such a call was "completely
unprecedented" or at least has never been known publicly. China is
likely to be trying to identify whether this signals any intent on the
part of Trump to alter long-standing U.S. policy toward Taiwan, Glaser
said.
"They will hope that this is a misstep, but I think
privately, they will definitely seek to educate this incoming president
and ensure that he understands the sensitivity of Taiwan," she said.
In particular, China would want to highlight to the
incoming administration the risks involved in any form of signal from
the United States that it supports strengthening a relationship with
Taiwan under a president that Beijing views as pro-independence, Glaser
added.
Last month, Trump had a call with Chinese President
Xi Jinping during which Trump's office described him as saying he
believed the two would have "one of the strongest relationships for both
countries."
Despite China's muted response Saturday, concern
about Trump's policy toward China is growing, said Shi Yinhong of Renmin
University in Beijing, one of China's best-known international
relations scholars.
"In the mind of Chinese leaders, concerns are mounting about U.S. policy toward China" under Trump's administration, Shi said.
Tsai was elected in January and took office in May.
The traditional independence-leaning policies of her party have strained
relations with Beijing.
The call with Trump could "convince people in Taiwan
that the island can establish good relations with the U.S. and encourage
(Tsai) to continue to resist pressure from Beijing," Shi said.
Over the decades, the status of Taiwan has been one
of the most sensitive issues in U.S.-China relations. China regards
Taiwan as part of its territory to be retaken by force, if necessary, if
it seeks independence. It would regard any recognition of a Taiwanese
leader as a head of state as unacceptable.
Taiwan split from the Chinese mainland amid civil war
in 1949. The U.S. policy acknowledges the Chinese view over
sovereignty, but considers Taiwan's status as unsettled. The U.S. has
legal commitments to help Taiwan maintain the ability to defend itself.
Taiwan's official Central News Agency said Edwin
Feulner, former president of the Heritage Foundation, a Washington-based
conservative think tank, was a "crucial figure" in setting up
communication channels between the sides, leading to the call. Feulner
could not immediately be reached to comment on the report, which cited
anonymous sources.
Feulner had met with Tsai in October when he led a
delegation from the think tank on a trip to Taiwan, according to a
release at the time from Taiwan's presidential office. That release says
Tsai called Feulner a "longtime friend to Taiwan" and conveyed her
gratitude to his foundation for its support.
Ned Price, a spokesman for the White House National
Security Council, said Trump's conversation does not signal any change
to long-standing U.S. policy on cross-strait issues.
In Beijing, a U.S. business group said it expected the new U.S. administration to respect the status quo.
"American business operating in Asia needs certainty
and stability," said James Zimmerman, chairman of the American Chamber
of Commerce in China. "The new administration needs to get up to speed
quickly on the historical tensions and complex dynamics of the region."